City Suspends Burning of Hurricane Sandy Debris In Floyd Bennett Field After Pollution Levels Exceeded Air Quality Standards

Locations of the eight monitors in Floyd Bennet Field in Brooklyn surrounding the air curtain burn device.  The media were denied access to the operation.  Since monitoring began on December 28,  EPA air monitors showed  the 24 hour standard had been violated on four days -  January 9, 28, 29 and February 5.  Air curtain incineration was shut down on February 14th.   

Brooklyn

By Geoffrey Croft

After repeated problems with smoke and high levels of air pollution, New York City has suspended the burning of downed trees and vegetative debris remaining from Hurricane Sandy," a coalition of environmental and health groups said in a statement today.

A federal contractor had been burning the debris in open air burners at Floyd Bennett Field in Brooklyn.  

Despite objections raised by environmental and public health advocates, the NYC Department of Environmental Protection (DEP) granted a variance from its own air pollution regulations last December to allow the burning to take place in so-called "air curtain burners." 

The NYS Department of Environmental Conservation (DEC) also issued a letter saying that for this operation it would not enforce the state's ban on open burning.  Under the conditions of the city's variance, the burning could have continued through mid-April. 

The group had called on the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, which is responsible for overseeing debris management from Hurricane Sandy, to aggressively pursue non-incineration options for the wood waste, which can be chipped and used for mulch and other purposes without emitting harmful pollutants.


On February 1, 2013,  the coalition sent NYC Department of Environmental Protection Commissioner Carter Strickland  a letter informing him of the group's "strong opposition to the use of Air Curtain Burners (ACBs) at Floyd Bennett Field in Brooklyn. 

"As you must be aware, to date there have been two exceedances of the 35 μ/m3 health-based 24-hour NAAQS for fine particle (PM2.5) recorded by the monitors EPA has set up to monitor the impact of the air curtain incinerators in use at Floyd Bennett Field," the letter stated. 

"DEP’s stated justification for granting a Variance in this matter was that the stockpiling of vegetative waste debris at Floyd Bennett Field and elsewhere was creating public safety risks. It is therefore unreasonable for DEP to substitute one set of public safety risks for another by only ordering the shut-down of one ACB during inversions, when the emissions from even one ACB unit may add enough additional exceedances to cause a violation of the 24-hour PM2.5 NAAQS. According to the conditions of the Variance, DEP may suspend or revoke the variance at any time for non-compliance. Therefore, DEP had the full authority to stop or suspend the process and failed to do so. "

The letter was signed by the New York Environmental Law and Justice Project, NY Public Interest Research Group, American Lung Association and the Sierra Club – Atlantic Chapter.

"There were some exceedances," an EPA spokesperson confirmed to A Walk In The Park today and explained that the EPA had been conducting PM 2.5 air monitoring at the Floyd Bennett Field site. 

According to the EPA, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, at the request of New York City, were using two air curtain incinerators at Floyd Bennett Field in Brooklyn, NY to burn vegetative debris, largely from downed trees, gathered in the cleanup from Hurricane Sandy.

An air curtain incinerator is a self-contained system that reduces wood debris to ash. It is equipped with air blowers that circulate the air to improve combustion and minimize emissions of fine particles.  The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency has eight fine particle monitors operating around the perimeter of Floyd Bennett Field to monitor for potential impacts of the air curtain devices. 

The major concern raised by advocates was that smoke and fine particulate matter from the debris burning would worsen air quality in an area that is already suffering from poor environmental conditions in the wake of Hurricane Sandy.

These concerns proved to be well-founded.  According to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, which set up air monitors around the perimeter of the site, air pollution levels in the vicinity of the burners exceeded health-based national ambient air quality standards for fine particulate matter (PM 2.5) on five separate days between December 28th and February 7th.

In a letter to the DEP dated February 1st, the New York Environmental Law and Justice Project (NYELJP), together with the American Lung Association of the Northeast, the New York Public Interest Research Group (NYPIRG), and the Sierra Club Atlantic Chapter, strongly objected to the continued use of the air curtain burners given their demonstrated public health risks.  The groups urged an immediate cessation of burning in favor of an alternative method of waste disposal such as chipping the remaining wood for reuse.

In a separate petition to the DEC, the NYELJP challenged whether the air curtain burners should have been regulated as incinerators, rather than just open fires.  DEC's open fire regulations include a prohibition on the burning of waste products, but the regulations were intended to target "burn barrels" and backyard trash burning, not large-scale debris burning operations like those underway at Floyd Bennett Field.

"The Army Corps, DEC, and DEP all acted in the interest of expedience, without due consideration for public health and safety," said Joel Kupferman, Esq., NYELJP's executive director. 

"Despite the fact that environmental and public health advocates, community members, EPA Region 2 officials and City Council members all raised numerous health concerns about the use of air curtain burners beforehand, these concerns were ignored or overlooked by all other agencies involved until it was too late, and the burning had already caused numerous exceedances of health-based air pollution standards.  We need a proper, public discussion of why the Army Corps, DEC, and DEP all relied on the fact that a "public health emergency"  was declared after Hurricane Sandy to use "emergency" exceptions to air pollution regulations that are designed to protect public health."

"It was obvious from the start that burning massive quantities of wood 24/7 with virtually no pollution control was a bad idea," said Laura Haight, senior environmental associate.  

"These air curtain burners are little more than dumpsters with fans.  The city officials wanted to believe they would work, despite evidence to the contrary, and the Army Corps didn't want to change its practices.  We hope that a lesson has been learned here."

"The combustion of this debris led to high levels of particulate matter, a major lung irritant linked to asthma attacks, heart attacks and even premature death," said Jeff Seyler, CEO of the American Lung Association of the Northeast.  

"We are glad that the city has given up on this misguided plan and that residents downwind can now continue rebuilding from Sandy without this additional air quality concern."

"Burning woody debris has never been an effective or safe way to facilitate storm clean up in NYC," said Roger Downs, Conservation Director of the Sierra Club Atlantic Chapter. "We are encouraged that all parties now agree proper processing and reuse of tree limbs and vegetation, in the form of wood chips and mulch, is the best pathway forward to improve air quality and reduce greenhouse gas emissions."

The groups had high praise for the EPA for conducting air monitoring on the site and for posting the data on its webpage.  A description and timeline of the burning can be found at:  <http://www.epa.gov/sandy/response.html>

http://www.epa.gov/sandy/response.html.  "EPA's efforts to keep the public informed about the burning operations at Floyd Bennett Field, monitor their impact on air quality, and make all data public stands in stark contrast to the DEP," Kupferman said.  "We've had to send multiple Freedom of Information Act requests to access DEP's monitoring data, and still have not received most of it."

The groups also praised New York City Councilmember James Gennaro, chair of the City Council Environmental Protection Committee, for exercising his oversight responsibility.

Other groups that opposed the burning included Citizens' Environmental Coalition, New York City Environmental Justice Alliance, Citizens Campaign for the Environment, Coalition Against the Rockaway Pipeline (CARP), New York Climate Action Group, and the New York Committee for Occupational Safety and Health (NYCOSH).

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City Burns Debris From Sandy In Brooklyn, Some Residents Voice Concern
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